Thursday, October 10, 2024

An Affirmation of Dispensationalism: God’s dealings with man down the ages

Last year I had a "road to Damascus moment" and I would like to share this with you. This paper has been written to defend dispensationalism and aid the reader in grasping the teachings of Dispensational Theology. It also serves as a response to my previous beliefs. I came to faith in the Lord in September 2012, which means I have been a Christian for 12 years. My Baptist Pastor guided me to the Lord, and I became a member of my local Baptist Chapel in November 2012 when I was baptized as a believer at just 18 years old. I cherished being part of that community. I later resigned my membership from the local Baptist Church for personal reasons and others, which I prefer not to elaborate on. These reasons were of lesser importance, and in hindsight, I realize I made an unwise decision due to my youth and lack of understanding. This choice led me into a rigorous, hardline Calvinist community. My Baptist Pastor worked diligently to guide, teach, and direct me on a proper path regarding life and theology. One important lesson I learned early on was that God interacts with different individuals in varied ways at different times, a concept known as dispensationalism.

After leaving the Baptist Church, I joined a Reformed Church because I was drawn to their street preaching methods and their strong stance on particular issues. It was during this period that I became familiar with Calvinism and the "TULIP" doctrines. In my youth, I wholeheartedly embraced Calvinism and advocated it with enthusiasm. My journey into Calvinism didn’t stem from Scripture alone; it was influenced by reading works by John Calvin and other historical Reformed theologians. These readings instilled in me a sense of pride, causing me to look down upon those who criticized Calvin or the authors I admired.

As a follower of Calvin, I was introduced to Covenant theology, replacement theology, and an amillennial perspective on the Bible. I was so committed to these doctrines that I even authored a book defending them, which I have since retracted from publication. What prompted me to reject Calvinism and revert to my dispensational roots? The simplest and most honest answer is that I revisited the Bible and challenged my beliefs. As I read Scripture and measured my Calvinist interpretations against it, I realized that many of my views did not align with biblical text. Now, at 30 years old and with over a decade of studying the Scriptures, I have concluded that my former beliefs were incorrect.

The doctrines I once embraced and have since renounced revolve around limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the Reformed perspective on Israel and the Church. My youthful fervour led me down a perilous and narrow-minded path that, through God’s grace, I have now turned away from. I am grateful that the blind spots have been cleared from my eyes, and the truth of Scripture has liberated me from erroneous beliefs. I have returned to my beginnings, and I hope this paper clarifies matters. We all experience phases in our youth where we hold onto false beliefs. Unfortunately for me, my errors were published. I cannot change the material that has been sold, other than to correct the record and retract all such publications. I have strived to do this as best as I can. By writing this paper, I anticipate facing criticism from my former Calvinist acquaintances, and they may use my past against me. I do not fear their judgment; I fear God. Thus, I have decided to write this paper with that perspective.

I have pondered numerous times throughout the writing process whether there is a necessity to address this topic and subject myself to criticism. Ultimately, I believe it is essential to clarify the record while being honest before the Lord. I do not consider myself an authority on Dispensationalism. Many have written extensively on this subject beyond my capacity. Since I have publicly expressed and defended Reformed theology and Replacement theology, I consider it appropriate to clarify my current stance. Writing this paper would have been unnecessary if I had privately adhered to Calvinism, Replacement theology, and Covenant theology, but that was not the case. I publicly declared my position due to my own actions and naivety. I realize that some may take time to accept my change of heart, but over time, I hope to heal wounds and restore fellowship. I have returned to my dispensational foundations, akin to the prodigal son’s return in Luke 15. I strayed from the truth by engaging with literature that led me toward Calvinism. After I became a believer, I was eager to explore materials regarding my new faith in Christ. I distinctly remember my Pastor’s loving warning that anything labelled “Reformed” was not beneficial and would lead me astray. I appreciate that guidance now, despite my initial disregard for it; through God’s grace, I have come to understand its significance.

No one transitions to Calvinism and Replacement Theology purely by studying the Bible. One must consult specific books that teach how to interpret certain Scripture passages through the lens of Reformed thought. Among the many books I read was the Westminster Confession of Faith, pivotal in shaping my understanding of Scripture and embracing doctrines absent in the Bible, which are rather man-made, such as infant baptism.

I wrote this paper to assist those who find themselves confined within Calvinistic theology. May the truth of Scripture liberate you from such bondage. I acknowledge that not all Reformed Christians reject a dispensational perspective and that some do not adhere to typical Reformed beliefs regarding Israel and the Church. Nonetheless, I contend that a majority who affirm Calvinism's five points also adopt a non-dispensational viewpoint.

Recently I had an idea to write a book on the topic of dispensationalism, (this paper would have been the introduction to the book). However, there are far greater works already available than I could ever write. One such publication I have found helpful and recommend is Dispensationalism by Charles C. Ryrie, which is a more extensive work than that of Mr. Scofield’s timeless classic, Rightly Dividing the Word of Truth.

The Seven Dispensations as Defined in the Scofield Reference Bible

The First Dispensation: Innocency. Man was created in innocency, placed in a perfect environment, subjected to an absolutely simple test, and warned of the consequence of disobedience. The woman fell through pride; the man, deliberately (1 Tim. 2:14). God restored His sinning creatures, but the dispensation of innocency ended in the judgment of the Expulsion (Gen. 3:24).

The Second Dispensation: Conscience. By disobedience man came to a personal and experimental knowledge of good and evil—of good as obedience, of evil as disobedience to the known will of God. Through that knowledge conscience awoke. Expelled from Eden and placed under the second, or Adamic Covenant, man was responsible to do all known good, to abstain from all known evil, and to approach God through sacrifice. The result of this second testing of man is stated in Gen. 6:5, and the dispensation ended in the judgment of the Flood. Apparently “the east of the garden” (v. 24), where were the cherubims and the flame, remained the place of worship through this second dispensation.

The Third Dispensation: Human Government. Under Conscience, as in Innocency, man utterly failed, and the judgment of the Flood marks the end of the second dispensation and the beginning of the third. The declaration of the Noahic Covenant subjects humanity to a new test. Its distinctive feature is the institution, for the first time, of human government—the government of man by man. The highest function of government is the judicial taking of life. All other governmental powers are implied in that. It follows that the third dispensation is distinctively that of human government. Man is responsible to govern the world for God. That responsibility rested upon the whole race, Jew and Gentile, until the failure of Israel under the Palestinian Covenant (Deut. 28–30:1–10) brought the judgment of the Captivities, when “the times of the Gentiles” (See Lk. 21:24; Rev. 16:14) began, and the government of the world passed exclusively into Gentile hands (Dan. 2:36–45; Lk. 21:24; Acts 15:14–17). That both Israel and the Gentiles have governed for self, not God, is sadly apparent. The judgment of the confusion of tongues ended the racial testing; that of the captivities the Jewish; while the Gentile testing will end in the smiting of the Image (Dan. 2.) and the judgment of the nations (Mt. 25:31–46).

The Fourth Dispensation: Promise. For Abraham and his descendants it is evident that the Abrahamic Covenant (Gen. 15:18, note) made a great change. They became distinctively the heirs of promise. That covenant is wholly gracious and unconditional. The descendants of Abraham had but to abide in their own land to inherit every blessing. In Egypt they lost their blessings, but not their covenant. The Dispensation of Promise ended when Israel rashly accepted the law (Ex. 19:8). Grace had prepared a deliverer (Moses), provided a sacrifice for the guilty, and by divine power brought them out of bondage (Ex. 19:4); but at Sinai they exchanged grace for law. The Dispensation of Promise extends from Gen. 12:1 to Ex. 19:8, and was exclusively Israelitish. The dispensation must be distinguished from the covenant. The former is a mode of testing; the latter is everlasting because unconditional. The law did not abrogate the Abrahamic Covenant (Gal. 3:15–18), but was an intermediate disciplinary dealing “till the Seed should come to whom the promise was made” (Gal. 3:19–29; 4:1–7). Only the dispensation, as a testing of Israel, ended at the giving of the law.

The Fifth Dispensation: Law. This dispensation extends from Sinai to Calvary—from the Exodus to the Cross. The history of Israel in the wilderness and in the land is one long record of the violation of the law. The testing of the nation by law ended in the judgment of the Captivities, but the dispensation itself ended at the Cross. (1) Man’s state at the beginning (Ex. 19:1–4). (2) His responsibility (Ex. 19:5, 6; Rom. 10:5). (3) His failure (2 Ki. 17:7–17, 19; Acts 2:22, 23). (4) The judgment (2 Ki. 17:1–6, 20; 25, 1–11; Lk. 21:20–24).

The Sixth Dispensation: Grace. As a dispensation, grace begins with the death and resurrection of Christ (Rom. 3:24–26; 4:24, 25). The point of testing is no longer legal obedience as the condition of salvation, but acceptance or rejection of Christ, with good works as a fruit of salvation (John 1:12, 13; 3:36; Mt. 21:37; 22:42; John 15:22, 25; Heb. 1:2; 1 John 5:10–12). The immediate result of this testing was the rejection of Christ by the Jews, and His crucifixion by Jew and Gentile (Acts 4:27). The predicted end of the testing of man under grace is the apostasy of the professing church (see “Apostasy,” 2 Tim. 3:1–8, note), and the resultant apocalyptic judgments. Grace has a twofold manifestation: in salvation (Rom. 3:24, refs.), and in the walk and service of the saved (Rom. 6:15, refs.).

The Seventh Dispensation: Kingdom. This, the seventh and last of the ordered ages which condition human life on the earth, is identical with the kingdom covenanted to David (2 Sam. 7:8–17; Zech. 12:8, Summary; Lk. 1:31–33; 1 Cor. 15:24, Summary), and gathers into itself under Christ all past “times”: (l) The time of oppression and misrule ends by Christ taking His kingdom (Isa. 11:3, 4). (2) The time of testimony and divine forbearance ends in judgment (Mt. 25:31–46; Acts 17:30, 31; Rev. 20:7–15). (3) The time of toil ends in rest and reward (2 Thes. 1:6, 7). (4) The time of suffering ends in glory (Rom. 8:17, 18). (5) The time of Israel’s blindness and chastisement ends in restoration and conversion (Rom. 11:25–27; Ezk. 39:25–29). (6) The times of the Gentiles end in the smiting of the image and the setting up of the kingdom of the heavens (Dan. 2:34, 35; Rev. 19:15–21). (7) The time of creation’s thraldom ends in deliverance at the manifestation of the sons of God (Gen. 3:17; Isa. 11:6–8; Rom. 8:19–21).

NATHAN A. HUGHES

WREXHAM

OCTOBER 10, 2024

 

`Sanctify them in the truth; Your word is truth.

John 17:17

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